Sometimes described as the first science fiction, the characters travel to the moon, engage in interplanetary war with the help of aliens they meet there, and then return to the earth to experience civilization inside a 200-mile-long creature generally interpreted as being a whale. In his ironically named book True History Lucian delivers a story which exaggerates the hyperbole and improbable claims of those stories.
He described the authors of such accounts as liars who had never traveled, nor ever talked to any credible person who had. In the 2nd century CE, Lucian of Samosata created a parody of travel texts such as Indica and The Odyssey. The style was a rhetorical mainstay of the Cynics and was the most common tone of the works made by Menippus and Meleager of Gadara. Such texts are known as spoudaiogeloion, a famous example of which is the Silloi by Pyrrhonist philosopher Timon of Phlius which parodied philosophers living and dead. Parody was used in early Greek philosophical texts to make philosophical points. The Ancient Greeks created satyr plays which parodied tragic plays, often with performers dressed like satyrs. The traditional trip to the Underworld story is parodied as Dionysus dresses as Heracles to go to the Underworld, in an attempt to bring back a poet to save Athens. The Frogs portrays the hero-turned-god Heracles as a glutton and the God of Drama Dionysus as cowardly and unintelligent. In Greek Old Comedy even the gods could be made fun of. Because par- also has the non-antagonistic meaning of beside, "there is nothing in parodia to necessitate the inclusion of a concept of ridicule." The Oxford English Dictionary, for example, defines parody as imitation "turned as to produce a ridiculous effect". Thus, the original Greek word παρῳδία parodia has sometimes been taken to mean "counter-song", an imitation that is set against the original. Indeed, the components of the Greek word are παρά para "beside, counter, against" and ᾠδή oide "song". In ancient Greek literature, a parodia was a narrative poem imitating the style and prosody of epics "but treating light, satirical or mock-heroic subjects". 5), Hegemon of Thasos was the inventor of a kind of parody by slightly altering the wording in well-known poems he transformed the sublime into the ridiculous. Meanwhile, the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot distinguishes between the parody and the burlesque, "A good parody is a fine amusement, capable of amusing and instructing the most sensible and polished minds the burlesque is a miserable buffoonery which can only please the populace." Historically, when a formula grows tired, as in the case of the moralistic melodramas in the 1910s, it retains value only as a parody, as demonstrated by the Buster Keaton shorts that mocked that genre.
The writer and critic John Gross observes in his Oxford Book of Parodies, that parody seems to flourish on territory somewhere between pastiche ("a composition in another artist's manner, without satirical intent") and burlesque (which "fools around with the material of high literature and adapts it to low ends"). Parody may be found in art or culture, including literature, music, theater, television and film, animation, and gaming. is imitation, not always at the expense of the parodied text." The literary theorist Linda Hutcheon said "parody. Literary scholar Professor Simon Dentith defines parody as "any cultural practice which provides a relatively polemical allusive imitation of another cultural production or practice". the French Revolution or 1960s counterculture). But a parody can also be about a real-life person (e.g. Often its subject is an original work or some aspect of it - theme/content, author, style, etc. Imitative work created to mock, comment on or trivialise an original workĪ parody, also called a spoof, a satire, a send-up, a take-off, a lampoon, a play on ( something), or a caricature, is a creative work designed to imitate, comment on, and/or make fun of its subject by means of satiric or ironic imitation.
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